CLIC Glossary & Annotation / 詞彙及附註

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Advice Centres for Duty Lawyer Service Free Legal Advice Scheme / 當值律師服務免費法律諮詢中心

All Advice Centres are in District Offices. For details of the Advice Centres, please go to http://www.dutylawyer.org.hk/en/free/legal.asp

所有諮詢中心均設於民政事務處內,詳情見http://www.dutylawyer.org.hk/ch/free/legal.asp

Affidavit/Affirmation / 誓章

A document made on oath (in front of a court officer or a lawyer) by a person guaranteeing the truthfulness of its content.

在法庭監誓員或律師面前,以宣誓形式簽立該文件,以證明其內容的真確性。

All employees who are covered by the Employment Ordinance / 所有受僱傭條例所涵蓋之僱員

the Employment Ordinance applies to every employee who is engaged under a contract of employment, with the following exceptions:

  1. persons who are family members of the business proprietor by whom they are employed, and also live in the same dwelling as that proprietor;
  2. employees as defined in the Contracts for Employment Outside Hong Kong Ordinance ;
  3. persons who are serving under crew agreements within the meaning of the Merchant Shipping (Seafarers) Ordinance, or on board a ship that is not registered in Hong Kong;
  4. contracts of apprenticeship registered under the Apprenticeship Ordinance except to the extent provided in that Ordinance.

僱傭條例》適用於所有根據僱傭合約受聘的僱員,但不適用於下列人士:

  1. 受僱於所從事業務的東主的家庭成員,並與該東主在同一住宅居住的人;
  2. 往香港以外地方就業合約條例》所界定的僱員;
  3. 根據《商船( 海員) 條例》所指的船員協議而服務的人,或在不是於香港註冊的船舶上服務的人;或
  4. 根據《學徒制度條例》註冊的學徒訓練合約之學徒,但該條例另有規定者,則屬例外。

Asset of Legal Aid applicants (single persons) / 法律援助申請人之財產(單身人士)

If you are applying for Legal Aid on behalf of your child under 18 years old, there is no need to include the assets or income of you or your spouse here. Only the child's assets and income will be assessed.

Under the Legal Aid regulations, the disposable capital is normally assessed as at the date of the application for Legal Aid. The value of any outstanding debt or liability of the applicant cannot be taken into account in reducing the applicant's disposable capital.

If the assets are the subject matter of dispute in the proceedings for which Legal Aid is applied, they will be excluded.

如果閣下代表未滿十八歲的子女申請法律援助,則毋須填報閣下和閣下配偶的財產和收入。只需填報及有關子女的財產和收入即可。

根據法律援助規定,評估可動用資產時,通常只計算申請法律援助當日的可動用資產。任何尚未清還的債項或債務,均不能用來扣減申請人的可動用資產。

如果有關財產是與訟雙方於有關法律援助申請所涉及的訴訟中所爭議的事項,則不用計算在內。

Asset of Legal Aid applicants (married persons) / 法律援助申請人之財產(已婚人士)

As you are married, your spouse's income and capital will be treated as yours for calculating your financial resources (unless you and your spouse have already separated or divorced, or you and your spouse have conflicting interest in the proceedings). Please therefore remember to include your spouse's assets and income here.

If you are applying for Legal Aid on behalf of your child under 18 years old, there is no need to include the assets or income of you or your spouse here. Only the child's assets and income will be assessed.

Under the Legal Aid regulations, the disposable capital is normally assessed as at the date of the application for Legal Aid. The value of any outstanding debt or liability of the applicant cannot be taken into account in reducing the applicant's disposable capital.

If the assets are the subject matter of dispute in the proceedings for which Legal Aid is applied, they will be excluded.

由於閣下已婚,所以當計算財務資源時,閣下配偶的收入和資產會被視作閣下本身的收入和資產(除非閣下已經與配偶分居或離婚,又或者與配偶於有關法律援助申請所涉及的訴訟中,有利益衝突。)故此,閣下於填報本表格時,緊記要同時包括配偶的財產和收入。

如果閣下代表未滿十八歲的子女申請法律援助,則母須填報閣下和閣下配偶的財產和收入。只需填報及有關子女的財產和收入即可。

根據法律援助規定,評估可動用資產時,通常只計算申請法律援助當日的可動用資產。任何尚未清還的債項或債務,均不能用來扣減申請人的可動用資產。如果有關財產是與訟雙方於有關法律援助申請所涉及的訴訟中所爭議的事項,則不用計算在內。

Attachment of Income Order (to tackle outstanding alimony payments) / 扣押入息令 (處理被拖欠之贍養費)

When an employee fails to pay alimony to a former spouse as required by the Court in divorce proceedings, the Court may then order the employer to deduct part of the employee's income for alimony payments.

當一名僱員在離婚訴訟中被法庭命令需向其前度配偶支付贍養費,而該僱員未能支付有關贍養費時,法庭可命令其僱主扣除該僱員的部分收入用作支付該贍養費。

B

Balance of probabilities (standard for adducing evidence in civil litigations) / 可能性的權衡 (民事訴訟之舉證準則)

Decision is made according to the likelihood or probability of the existence of an event. A 100% certainty is not required.

取決於某項事情是否很可能發生過或出現過,但不需要百分百肯定才作出判斷。

Benefits-in-kind own by Legal Aid applicants (single persons) / 法律援助申請人已擁有之實質利益(單身人士)

Any benefits received other than in cash (e.g. shares, share options and valuable goods).

閣下獲得的任何非現金利益(例如﹕股票、換股證及貴重物品)。

Benefits-in-kind own by Legal Aid applicants (married persons) /法律援助申請人已擁有之實質利益(已婚人士)

Any benefits received by you or your spouse other than in cash (e.g. shares, share options and valuable goods).

閣下或配偶獲得的任何非現金利益(例如﹕股票、換股證及貴重物品)。

By way of dividends (to the creditors in bankruptcy proceedings) / 派發債款形式 (派給破產案之債權人/債主)

Usually the creditors could not recover the full amount and they will be paid in proportion to the size of their debts, but certain debts have priority, such as wage arrears or severance payments.

債權人能未必能取回所有欠款,而只能按各自的債項比例取回部分欠款,但某些債項( 如欠薪或遣散費) 將會獲優先償還。

C

Capital assets / 資本性質資產

Examples of capital asset include a factory, an equipment or other fixed assets which can be utilized for producing income or deriving profits.

資本性質資產的例子包括廠房、機器或其他可利用作產生收入或取得利潤的固定資產。

Case merits test in Legal Aid application/ 申請法律援助之案情審查

The Legal Aid Department will assess whether or not the applicant has reasonable grounds for taking or defending the proceedings.

由法律援助署評估申請人是否有充分理據進行訴訟或就有關訴訟提出抗辯。

Cause of action / 訴訟因由

A cause of action is generally the reason for a person or an organization to commence a legal action against another. Examples include breach of contract, negligence that causes injury to another person, or failure to repay a loan.

概括來說,訴訟因由指某人或某機構在控告他人時,其所持之理由。訴訟因由的例子包括違反合約、因疏忽而引致他人受傷或未能償還貸款。

Common Law / 普通法

The most distinguishing feature of common law is the reliance on the doctrine of precedent.

普通法最獨特的地方,在於法官判案時所依據的司法判例原則

Committee of inspection (company’s winding-up proceedings) / 審查委員會 (有關公司清盤程序)
The committee consists of creditors and persons who need to contribute to the assets of the company. Its function is to help supervise the exercise of power by the liquidator.

此委員會由公司的債權人及須向公司資產貢獻的人士組成,用以監察清盤人行使權力之過程。

Committal Proceedings / 初級偵訊

Committal proceedings are proceedings before a Magistrate for determining whether or not there is enough evidence against a defendant for a criminal case to be transferred to the High Court for trial or sentence. Legal Aid is available to eligible defendants for providing legal representation in committal proceedings.

初級偵訊乃於裁判法院進行的程序,裁決是否有表面證據對被告作出刑事檢控,而有關刑事檢控需轉介高等法院進行審訊或判刑。法律援助處可以為合資格取得法援的被告提供代表律師出席初級偵訊。

Committee of Review (handle appeals for rejections of Legal Aid) / 覆核委員會 (處理法援申請被拒絕後之上訴)

The Committee of Review is set up under section 26A of the Legal Aid Ordinance and is made up of the Registrar of the High Court and a representative each of the Bar Association and the Law Society of Hong Kong . The Committee only deals with Legal Aid cases regarding appeals to the Court of Final Appeal.

覆核委員會乃根據 《法律援助條例》( 第91 章) 26A 條設立,由高等法院司法常務官和香港大律師公會及香港律師會各派一名代表組成。 此委員會只處理涉及向終審法院提出上訴之法援案件。

Contracts to oust the jurisdiction of the courts / 有關剝奪法庭的司法管轄權合約

Contracts which state that the courts have no authority to make judgment on any litigation arising from the contracts. Such contracts (or the relevant terms in the contracts) are invalid unless the contracting parties agree that the potential disputes will be settled by arbitration instead of court proceedings.

合約中列明法庭無權就由有關合約引起的訴訟作出裁決。除非立約雙方協議日後將透過訟裁,而不是訴訟來處理合約糾紛,否則這些合約 ( 或有關合約條款 ) 不會生效的。

Contributories (company matters) / 分擔人 (公司事項)

According to section 171 of the Companies Ordinance, the term "contributory" means every person who is liable to contribute to the assets of a company in the event of its being wound up.

根據《公司條例》第171 條,「分擔人」指每名在公司清盤時有法律責任分擔提供公司資產的人。簡單來說,即是在清盤時仍欠該公司若干款項的人。

Counter Claim / 反訴

A claim made by the defendant against the plaintiff in the same legal proceedings.

答辯人向原告人於同一訴訟中作出指控或索償。

Court Master / 聆案官

They are the court officials who run certain kinds of court hearings in civil litigation. They have the authority to make decisions or to grant orders in relation to some applications made by the litigants.

聆案官是在一宗民事訴訟中負責處理某些類型的聆訊的法庭官員,他們有權就訴訟人所提出的一些申請作出判決或命令。

Creditor's Bankruptcy Petition / 債權人破產呈請

A document to be filed to the Court for an application to grant a bankruptcy order against the debtor. The petitioner, according to different cases, has to complete either Form 10, Form 10A, or Form 10B as provided at the Bankruptcy (Forms) Rules. You may find samples of these forms at http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/en/reg/6B/sch.html.

提交法庭之文件,用以向法庭申請對債務人頒布破產令。呈請人須按個別情況,填寫《破產( 表格) 規則》內指定之表格10 、表格10A 或表格10B 作為呈請書。如欲查看上述表格的樣本,請往http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/ch/reg/6B/sch.html 找尋。

D

Deed / 契約

A deed and its counterpart have to be signed, sealed and delivered by the contracting parties. That is to say, the parties have to sign the deed, affix a red seal (a small red wafer) next to their signatures, and exchange copies of the deed.

契約及其覆本必須經各方簽署、蓋章及交付。也就是說,契約各方須在一式兩份的契約上簽名、在簽名旁蓋上小紅章(通常為一小片紅色貼紙)及互相交換該契約。

Deportation / 遞解離境

A deportation order against a person shall require that person to leave Hong Kong and shall prohibit that person from being in Hong Kong at any time thereafter or during such period as may be specified in the order.

遞解離境令須規定該令所針對的入境人士離開香港,並禁止該人在以後任何時間留在香港,或禁止該人在命令所指明的期間內留在香港。

Domiciled in Hong Kong / 以香港為居籍

There are a number of ways in determining whether a person is domiciled in Hong Kong. For example, people would be considered domiciled in Hong Kong if they are holding Hong Kong Permanent Identity Cards, or they are Chinese citizens who have ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than seven years.

有若干方式決定某人是否以香港為居籍。舉例,如果有關人士持有香港永久居民身份證,或他們是經已在香港連續居住滿七年的中國公民,他們便會被視為以香港為居籍。

Duty Lawyer Service / 當值律師服務

The Duty Lawyer Service is fully funded by the Government but is independently managed and administered by the Bar Association and the Law Society through the Council of the Duty Lawyer Service.

當值律師服務獲政府全面資助,但是行政管理則由香港大律師公會和香港律師會共同委任的獨立當值律師服務執委會負責。

E

Election Petitions / 選舉呈請

Applications to the High Court to challenge the results of the Legislative Council or District Council elections.

向高等法院申請推翻立法會或區議會的選舉結果。

Enforce the court judgment / 強制執行法庭判決

To force the defendant/losing party to pay or to perform the duties as stipulated on the judgment by other legal means e.g. seizing the defendant’s properties through the bailiff and then converting them to cash.

利用其他法律途徑去強制被告/敗訴一方付款或履行判決內註明的責任,例如透過執達主任去扣押被告的財產並將其變賣套現。

Extradition proceedings / 引渡程序訴訟

Proceedings held at the Magistrates Court for determining whether a person should be sent to a foreign country to answer criminal proceedings there.

引渡程序訴訟於裁判法院進行,裁定有關人士是否需要被遣返外國面對當地對他 作出的刑事指控。

F

Financial means test (Legal Aid application) / 經濟審查 (申請法律援助)

The Legal Aid Department will assess whether or not the applicant's assets and income exceed the financial eligibility limit for obtaining Legal Aid.

由法律援助署評估申請人的財產和收入是否超過法律援助的財務資格上限。

Final (decision about Legal Aid appeal)/ 最終決定 (有關法援申請上訴之裁決)

The decision of the Registrar may be challenged by way of judicial review to the High Court if there is an error of law.

如果司法常務官的決定出現法律上的錯誤,閣下可以向高等法院申請司法覆核,以嘗試推翻有關決定。

Form 10 (notice of intention to appear on a winding-up petition hearing) / 表格10 (擬在公司清盤呈請聆訊中出庭的通知書)

You may find the sample of Form 10 (on the Appendix of Companies Winding-up Rules) at http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/en/reg/32H/appendix.html.

閣下可在http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/ch/reg/32H/appendix.html 尋找表格10 之樣本。

G

H

Human rights / 人權法

For example, according to Article 21 in Section 8 of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance , every permanent resident shall have the right and opportunity and without unreasonable restrictions to vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections. Such elections shall be run by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors.

舉例來說,根據香港人權法案條例第八節第二十一條,所有永久居民均有權利及機會及不受無理限制下,在真正、定期之選舉中投票及被選。選舉權必須普及而平等,並應以無記名投票法行之,以保證選民意志之自由表現。

Human rights related litigation / 有關人權法的訴訟

If the case involves a breach of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance or inconsistent with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as applied to Hong Kong .

有關案件涉及違反《香港人權法案條例》或抵觸《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》適用於香港的條文。

I

Implied terms (about contract law) / 隱含之條款 (有關合約法)

Terms that have not been orally mentioned or written down but are incorporated in the agreement/contract according to the law or the previous dealings between the parties.

沒有經口頭說明或書面記載之條款,但有關條款將根據法律或合約雙方過往之交易方式而被當作為協議/ 合約的一部份。

In general (about legal costs in Legal Aid cases) / 一般來說 (有關法援案件的訴訟費)

Where however it appears to the court that a Legal Aid certificate has been obtained by fraud or misrepresentation or that an aided person has acted improperly in the proceedings, the court may order the aided person to be personally responsible for his own legal costs or the legal costs of the opposite party.

但若法庭認為受助人用欺詐手段或錯誤陳述取得法律援助證書,或受助人於訴訟期間行為不當,則法庭可以下令受助人支付其個人或對方的訴訟費。

 

Insurance underwriting / 保險的核保程序

The insurance company has to evaluate the potential risks and to make decision on whether or not to approve the insurance application (i.e. to undertake the relevant insurance coverage).

保險公司需要評估投保項目的潛在風險,再決定是否接受投保申請(即是否承保有關項目)。

Interlocutory Judgment (in civil litigation) / 非正審判決

It is a judgment made by the court without going through a formal trial. The judge may deliver the judgment after hearing the arguments or evidence given by one of the parties (plaintiff or defendant) only.

「非正審判決」是法庭在沒有進行全面的審訊下作出的判決。 法庭可能會於單方面聆聽由原告人或被告人所提出的論據或證據後,便宣告判決。

J

Judicial review / 司法覆核

Applying to the High Court to examine the constitutionality of law and to decide whether an administrative decision of a Government body has violated the principles of justice. For more information about the procedures, please visit the Resource Centre for Unrepresented Litigants' webpage at http://rcul.judiciary.gov.hk/rc/eLeafletPage.jsp?leaflet=6 .

向高等法院申請審核憲法性事項及裁定政府部門之某些行政決定是否違反了法律的公正原則。有關申請司法覆核之程序,請瀏覽無律師代表訴訟人資源中心的網頁: http://rcul.judiciary.gov.hk/rc/cLeafletPage.jsp?leaflet=6

K

L

Law of tort / 侵權法

Tort is usually committed as the result of a person's fault or negligence that causes damage, loss or injury to the body or property of another person. Examples of tort include:

  • committing a wrongful act that causes physical injury to a person;
  • negligently making a misleading statement that causes a person to enter into a contract which ends up in financial loss;
  • committing an act of nuisance (such as singing loudly or playing mahjong at midnight) that interferes with a neighbour.

侵權通常是指因某人的過失或疏忽,而對其他人的身體或財物造成損害或損失。例子包括:

  • 作出錯誤的行為令他人的身體受傷害;
  • 疏忽地提供誤導性的陳述,致使他人訂立合約並招致金錢上的損失;
  • 作出滋擾行為(如深夜大聲歌唱或打麻雀),干擾鄰居。
Leading questions made at a court trial / 在審訊中發問引導性問題

Questions which attempt to guide the witness's answer or which assume a fact not yet proved. Here is an example of leading question: "Mr. A has told you that he had signed the contract on 1 Jan 2006, hasn't he?" If such a question is not permitted by the court, it should be broken down into questions like: "What did Mr. A tell you?", "When did he sign the contract?", "Had he told you the other party of the contract?"….

如果一條問題嘗試引導或影響了證人的答案,或假設了一件未經證實的事情,該條問題便屬於引導性問題。 以下是一個引導性問題的例子:「A先生曾經告訴你,他在2006年1月1日簽訂了合約,對嗎?」 如果法庭不容許發問這條問題的話,提問者應將問題細分如下:「A先生告訴你甚麼?」 「他何時簽訂合約?」「他有否告訴你合約的另一方是誰?」……

Legal Aid Department / 法律援助署

You may go to either the:

  • Legal Aid Department's Headquarters at 24/F, Queensway Government Offices, 66 Queensway, Hong Kong (near Admiralty MTR Station), or
  • its Kowloon Branch Office at G/F, Mongkok Government Offices, 30 Luen Wan Street, Kowloon (adjacent to Mongkok KCR Station).

You may also telephone 2537 7677 (24-hour Interactive Voice Processing System), 2537 7661 (Headquarters) or 2380 0117 (Kowloon Branch Office) or email ladinfo@lad.gov.hk

閣下可親臨以下其中一個辦事處查詢﹕

  • 法律援助署總部,位於香港金鐘道66號,金鐘道政府合署24樓(鄰近金鐘地鐵站)或
  • 九龍分署,位於九龍旺角聯運街30 號旺角政府合署地下(鄰近九龍旺角地鐵站)。

閣下亦可致電2537 7677(24小時互動電話系統)或2537 7661 ( 總部) 或2380 0117(九龍分署)或電郵ladinfo@lad.gov.hk

Legal Aid Panel / 法律援助律師名冊

The Legal Aid Panel is a list maintained by the Director of Legal Aid that consists of barristers and solicitors in private practice who are willing to undertake legal aid work.

法律援助署署長備有法律援助律師名冊,內有所有願意參與法律援助工作的私人執業大律師和律師。

M

Maintenance orders / 贍養費命令

For example, either party may be ordered by the Court to give financial support to the other party and/or the children for the costs of living.

例如法院可能命令任何一方向另一方及/ 或子女支付贍養費,以應付生活開支。

Majority in number(approval of a company's repayment proposal) / 大多數(贊成公司之債務償還安排/債務重組建議)

Example:

  • the total value of debts owed by all the creditors who vote in person or by proxy at the meeting is $1,000,000
  • the total value of debts owed by the creditors who vote in person or by proxy at the meeting and agreed to the relevant arrangement is $750,000 (i.e. three-fourths of $1,000,000)
  • those creditors who agreed to the arrangement (holding the total debts of $750,000) would be considered as the majority.

舉例:

  • 親身( 或委任代表) 在大會上投票表決之所有債權人所持的債項總額為1,000,000 元;
  • 上述作出投票並贊成債務償還安排建議之債權人所持的債項總額為750,000 元( 即1,000,000 元的四分之三);
  • 贊成債務償還安排建議之債權人便會被視為大多數。
Market value adjustment (for the refund of insurance premium during the cooling-off period) / 市值調整(在冷靜期內退還保費適用)

Such adjustment may be calculated solely with reference to the loss the insurance company might make in realizing the value of any assets acquired through investment of the premiums obtained from a life insurance policy. It may not include any allowance for expenses or commissions in connection with the issuance of the insurance policy.

市值調整可包括套現資產時出現的虧損,而該等資產是保險公司收取有關壽險保單的保費後作出的投資。但保險公司簽發保單時所付出的費用或佣金,則未必會計算在內。

Matrimonial home rights / 婚姻居所權利

Spouses have equal rights of occupation of the matrimonial home (the main residential home of the couple). If a husband/wife is the owner or tenant of that home, the other would normally have the right to live there.

配偶雙方均擁有婚姻居所( 夫妻的主要居所) 之居住權。如丈夫/ 妻子是該住宅的業主或租客,一般而言,另一方亦有權在該住宅居住。

Monthly Disposable Income (for married persons in Legal Aid applications) / 每月可動用收入(已婚人士法律援助申請)

The income and deductions are to be filled in on a monthly basis in this form. You therefore need to convert any amount that you receive or pay on a quarterly or yearly basis (e.g. yearly-end bonus to be received once a year and rates paid on a quarterly basis) into its monthly average.

As you are married, your spouse's income and capital will be treated as yours for calculating your financial resources (unless you and your spouse have already separated or divorced, or you and your spouse have conflicting interest in the proceedings). Please therefore remember to include your spouse's assets and income here.

這份表格內的收入和扣減項目均必須以每月計算,故此,閣下必須將任何以季度或每年收取或支付的款項(例如年終酬金,以及每季支付的差餉),化作每月平均數。

由於閣下已婚,所以當計算財務資源時,閣下配偶的收入和資產會被視作閣下本身的收入和資產(除非閣下已經與配偶分居或離婚,又或者與配偶於有關法律援助申請所涉及的訴訟中,有利益衝突。)故此,閣下於填報本表格時,緊記要同時包括配偶的財產和收入。

Monthly Disposable Income (for single persons in Legal Aid applications) / 每月可動用收入( 單身人士法律援助申請)

The income and deductions are to be filled in on a monthly basis in this form. You therefore need to convert any amount that you receive or pay on a quarterly or yearly basis (e.g. year-end bonus to be received once a year and rates paid on a quarterly basis) into its monthly average.

這份表格內的收入和扣減項目均必須以每月計算,故此,閣下必須將任何以季度或每年收取或支付的款項(例如年終酬金,以及每季支付的差餉),化作每月平均數。

Most criminal offences (Duty Lawyer Service) / 大多數在裁判法院審理...的罪行 (當值律師服務)

Over 300 statutory and common law offences are covered under the Duty Lawyer Service's Standard List of Offences.

包括超過300種法定和普通法的控罪,詳情請參看『控罪範圍一覽表』

N

News activity (concerning personal data privacy) / 新聞活動(關於個人資料私隱)

According to section 61 of the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance , news activity means any journalistic activity and includes:

  • the gathering of news;
  • preparation of compiling of articles or programmes concerning news; or
  • observations on news or current affairs,

for the purpose of dissemination to the public.

根據個人資料(私隱)條例第61條 , “ 新聞活動 ”指任何新聞工作活動,並包括為向公眾發布的目的而進行:

  • 新聞的搜集;
  • 關於新聞的文章或節目的製備或編纂;或
  • 對新聞或時事所作的評析。
Nominee (for Individual Voluntary Arrangement) / 代名人 ( 關於個人自願安排/ 債務重組)

This person can be the Official Receiver or anyone with suitable experience and qualifications in the opinion of the Court.

代名人可由破產管理署署長或一位法庭認為有合適經驗和資格執行有關職務的人士擔任。

Notaries public / 公證人

Notaries public are primarily concerned with the preparation and verification of legal documents for using abroad. They are internationally recognized.

公證人主要負責準備及核實於外地使用之法律文件,公證人資格受國際認可。

O

Overtime pay / 超時補貼

Overtime pay should be included in calculating the end of year payment, maternity leave pay, severance payment, long service payment, sickness allowance, holiday pay, annual leave pay and wages in lieu of notice if:

  • it is of a constant character; or
  • its monthly average over the past 12 months is not less than 20% of the average monthly wages of the employee during the same period.

若下列情況出現,超時補貼應包含在年終酬金、產假薪酬、遣散費、長期服務金、疾病津貼、假日薪酬、年假薪酬及代通知金之計算當中:

  • 有關超時補貼屬固定性支付; 或
  • 有關超時補貼於過往十二個月內之每月平均數,不少於該名僱員於同一時期平均每月工資的兩成。

P

Permanent partial incapacity (work-related injuries) / 永久部分喪失工作能力(因工受傷)

Such incapacity (or inability) that reduces your earning capacity, present or future, in any employment that you were capable of undertaking at that time.

此項傷殘所造成的工作能力之喪失(或欠缺),會減低你現在及將來從事任何工作時的賺取收入能力。

Permanent total incapacity (work-related injuries) / 永久完全喪失工作能力 (因工受傷)

Such incapacity (or inability) that permanently disables you from taking any employment that you were capable of undertaking before the injury.

此項傷殘所造成的工作能力之喪失(或欠缺),會永久地令你不能從事在受傷前可勝任的任何工作。

Personal chattels of a deceased / 非土地實產

According to section 2 of the Intestates' Estates Ordinance , "personal chattels" means:

  1. the following things situated at the time of the intestate's death (without a Will) at any residence of a surviving husband or wife of the intestate, namely furniture, clothes, articles of adornment, articles of household/ personal/recreational/decorative use, consumable stores (consumer goods), garden effects and domestic animals; and
  2. motor vehicles and accessories,

but does not include any chattel used exclusively or principally for business or professional purposes, or money or securities for money.

根據《無遺囑者遺產條例》第2 條,非土地實產指:

  1. 在無遺囑者去世時,任何留在其在生丈夫或妻子居所的以下物品,包括傢具、衣服、裝飾品、屬家庭/個人/康樂/裝飾用的物品、各類消費品、園藝物品及家畜;及
  2. 汽車及附件,

但不包括任何專用於或主要用於業務或專業用途的實產,亦不包括金錢或貸款抵押品。

Pleadings in civil litigation / 民事訴訟的狀書

Pleadings are the court documents in which the plaintiff and the defendant set out all the important facts in order to support their case. These documents, whether prepared by the plaintiff or the defendant, have to be sent to both the other party and the court. The major items of pleadings are: statement of claim, defence, defence and counterclaim, and reply to defence.

狀書是一些法庭文件,原告人和被告人均要在狀書中列明所有重要的事實資料,以支持自己的理據。這些文件,無論由原告或被告一方所準備,都需要呈交給法庭以及另一方。狀書的主要類別包括:申索陳述書、抗辯書、反申索的抗辯書、以及對抗辯的答覆。

Precedent partner / 首合夥人

According to section 2 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance , "precedent partner" of a partnership business means the partner who, of the active partners resident in Hong Kong:

  1. is first named in the agreement of partnership; or
  2. if there is no agreement, is specified by name or initials singly or with precedence to the other partners in the usual name of the partnership; or
  3. is first named in any statutory statement of the names of the partners.

根據《稅務條例》第2 條 ,首合夥人指居於香港的積極參與業務運作的合夥人當中:

  1. 在合夥協議內名列首位的合夥人;或
  2. 在無協議的情形下,其姓名或簡稱是在該合夥的通常名稱中單獨指明或列在其他合夥人之前的合夥人;或
  3. 在就合夥人姓名而作的任何法定陳述中名列首位的合夥人。
Presiding officer / 審裁官

The judge(s) sitting at the Labour Tribunal or the Lands Tribunal.

於勞資審裁處或土地審裁處席前審案的法官。

Prima facie case in criminal proceedings / 刑事案件的表面證據成立

Prima facie is a Latin expression meaning "at first sight". A prima facie case means that the evidence shown by the prosecution, if not successfully discredited by the accused person, is sufficient to prove the commission of the offence by the accused.

"Prima facie"是一個拉丁名詞,意謂第一眼見到之情況。當控方所提出的證據足以令被告入罪(如有關證據未能被推翻),便為之表面證據成立。辯方有權在隨後階段進行抗辯。

Q

Quasi-contract / 準合約

A quasi-contract is formed without either a written or oral agreement between the relevant parties. The court, in view of the special circumstances, may still recognise and enforce the obligations arising out of such a contract in order to protect the injured party and to uphold justice. An example of quasi-contract can be found in the Wikipedia website . You should consult a lawyer before instituting any legal action in respect of a quasi-contract.

準合約並不涉及相關各方所訂定的書面或口頭協議。 不過,當法庭在考慮過案中特殊的情況後,可能仍然會承認並強制執行源於準合約的責任,以保障受害一方和維護公義。 有關準合約的例子,請參閱維基百科。 在提出涉及準合約的訴訟前,你應先徵詢法律意見。

R

Recognizance / 刑事案被告的擔保條件

Recognizance is a promise or guarantee made by the accused (or another person) that the accused will comply with all the bail conditions during the period of bail. For example, the accused must report to a police station every day before commencement of the court hearing. If the accused breaches any of the bail conditions, the guarantor is liable to pay the sum as stated on the recognizance document. The accused will also be put on the list of wanted persons by the police.

擔保是被告或其他人士作出的承諾或保證,確保被告在保釋期間會遵從所有保釋條件。例如在法庭未展開聆訊前,被告必須每日到警署報到。如果被告違反任何保釋條件,保證人/擔保人便須支付擔保文件所訂明的金額,被告也會被警方列為通緝人士。

Re-engagement (of a previously dismissed employee) / 再次聘用

An order that requires the employer, the employer's successor or an associated employer to re-engage the employee in employment on terms comparable to the employee's original terms of employment or in other suitable employment.

此項命令要求僱主、其繼承人或其附屬/相聯公司以相若於原有僱傭合約的條款聘用僱員,使該僱員擔任原來或其他合適的工作。

Relevant court registries / 相關之法庭登記處

Family Court Registry for matrimonial proceedings, Lands Registry for lands matters, District Court Registry for employees' compensation proceedings, and Probate Registry for grants of representation to estates of deceased persons.

涉及婚姻事宜的訴訟應聯絡家事法庭登記處、涉及土地事宜應聯絡土地審裁處登記處、涉及僱員補償訴訟應聯絡區域法院登記處、涉及遺產承辦申請則應聯絡遺產承辦處。

Reinstatement (of a previously dismissed employee) / 復職

An order that requires the employer to treat the employee in all respects as if the employee had not been dismissed or as if there had been no variation of the terms of the employment contract.

此項命令要求僱主在任何方面視僱員為從未遭解僱,或有關僱傭合約的條款從未被更改。

S

Sample form (companies winding-up petition) / 有關表格 (公司清盤呈請書)

The petitioner, according to different cases, has to complete either Form 2, Form 3, or Form 3A as provided at the Appendix of the Companies (Winding-up) Rules for his/her winding-up petition. You may find samples of these forms at http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/en/reg/32H/appendix.html.

呈請人須就個別情況,填寫《公司( 清盤) 規則》附錄中提供的表格2 、表格3 或表格3A 作為其清盤呈請書。閣下可在http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/ch/reg/32H/appendix.html 尋找表格樣本。

Salaries or profits of Legal Aid applicants (single persons) / 有關法律援助申請人之薪金/利潤 (單身人士)

The disposable income is normally assessed by reference to the income reasonably expected to be received during the 12 months' period as from the date of the application for Legal Aid. The figures you filled in for the latest tax return should therefore NOT be adopted if there has been a change in the salaries or profits.

在評估可動用收入時,法援署通常會計算由閣下申請法律援助當日起,未來12 個月內可望得到的收入。故此,若閣下最近的收入有所轉變,請不要按照稅單所顯示的舊收入填報。

Salaries or profits of Legal Aid applicants (married persons) / 有關法律援助申請人之薪金/ 利潤 (已婚人士)

The disposable income is normally assessed by reference to the income reasonably expected to be received during the 12 months' period as from the date of the application for Legal Aid. The figures you filled in for the latest tax return of you or your spouse should therefore NOT be adopted if there has been a change in the salaries or profits.

在評估可動用收入時,法援署通常會計算由閣下申請法律援助當日起,未來12 個月內可望得到的收入。故此,若閣下或配偶最近的收入有所轉變,請不要按照稅單所顯示的舊收入填報。

Statutory demand (for bankruptcy proceedings) / 法定要求償債書 (關於破產訴訟)

A document that states the details of the debt, the demand and the time limit for repayment. The creditor, according to different cases, has to complete either Form 162, Form 163, or Form 164 as provided at the Bankruptcy (Forms) Rules. You may find samples of these forms at http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/en/reg/6B/sch.html.

註明債項之詳細資料、還款要求及還款限期之文件。債權人須按個別情況,填寫《破產(表格)規則》內指定之表格162、表格163或表格164作為法定要求償債書。如欲查看上述表格的樣本,請往http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/ch/reg/6B/sch.html 找尋。

T

Temporary incapacity (work-related injuries) / 暫時喪失工作能力 (因工受傷)

When an employee sustains an injury as a result of an accident arising out of and in the course of employment, and is granted a period of sick leave by a registered medical practitioner or a registered dentist, that period of absence from work is a period of "temporary incapacity".

當僱員因工及在僱用期間遭遇意外而受傷,而獲註冊醫生或註冊牙醫批予病假,該缺席工作的期間便為「暫時喪失工作能力」之時期。

Terminal payments (upon termination of employment)/ 終止僱傭金額

They are statutory entitlements under the Employment Ordinance to which the employee is entitled but has not yet been paid (e.g. wages or payments in lieu of notice) and any other payments due to the employee under the employment contract.

此為僱員根據《僱傭條例》可享有但在被解僱時未獲支付的款項( 例如工資、代通知金等) ,以及其他根據僱傭合約應得而未收取的款項。

The doctrine of precedent (Common Law) / 判例原則 (普通法)

Previous court judgments of similar cases in Hong Kong or other countries under the common law system will be recognized as authorities for the disposition of future cases.

於香港或其他普通法適用地區的高級法院之判決會作為懽威性資料(即判例/ 案例),用以處理將來之同類案件。

Things in action / 據法權產

Owners/holders of "things in action", which includes cheques, debentures or share certificates, have the right to sue the defaulting parties (i.e. persons who issued the documents) if such documents were not honoured.

持有據法權產如支票、債券或股票證明書的人士,可向簽發該文書但沒有履行有關責任的違約者提出訴訟。

Topics (Duty Lawyer Service’s Tel-Law Scheme) / 題目 (當值律師服務電話法律諮詢計劃)
Trade description / 商品說明

With reference to section 2 of the Trade Descriptions Ordinance , "trade description" means an indication by whatever means, on the quantity, composition, method of production and fitness for purpose (function), with respect to any goods or parts of goods.

《商品說明條例》第2 條對『商品說明』的定義是: 以任何方式就任何貨品或貨品任何部分作出數量、成分、生產方法及用途適用性等等的顯示。

Trademark / 商標

With reference to section 3 of the Trade Marks Ordinance , "trade mark" means any sign which is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise/company from those of other companies, and which is capable of being represented graphically.

《商標條例》第3 條對『商標』的定義是: 任何能夠將某一企業/ 公司的貨品或服務與其他公司的貨品或服務作出識別並能夠藉書寫或繪圖方式表述的標誌。

Trespasser / 侵權者

A person who enters or occupies a property without permission from the property owner. Such conduct is illegal.

所謂侵權者乃指未得物業擁有人同意而進入或佔用該物業的人士,故該等進入或佔用的行為亦屬違法。

U

V

Vicarious liability / 替代責任

This liability arises when someone has to bear the responsibility/liability for other person's faulty action. A typical example is that the employer should bear the responsibility for his/her employee's error, even if the employer has not personally committed such an error.

在某些情況下,如一個人要為另一人的錯誤行為承擔法律責任,替代責任便會產生。其中一個典型例子是僱主要為其僱員所作的錯誤行為負責,即使僱主自己並無犯下有關錯誤。

W

Wage period / 工資期

The period for which wages are payable. For example, employees are usually paid weekly or monthly according to their employment contracts. If the wage period is not specified on the contract, then it is deemed to be one month as per section 22 of the Employment Ordinance.

有關工資繳付之時段。例如根據僱傭合約,僱員可以每星期或每個月受薪。如果僱傭合約沒有訂明工資期,則根據《僱傭條例》第22 條,有關工資期須當作為1 個月。

Want of prosecution (in civil litigation) / 在民事訴訟程序中沒有人作出行動

If the plaintiff fails to carry out the prescribed actions/steps to proceed with the case, the claim may be dismissed by the court (on application by the defendant). Examples include the plaintiff does not serve the statement of claim on the defendant or fails to comply with the obligation to disclose certain case documents to the defendant.

如果原告人沒有採取訂明的行動/步驟令訴訟繼續進行,法庭可能會應被告人的申請將原告人的申索撤銷。 沒有採取訂明的行動/步驟的例子包括:原告人沒有將申索陳述書送達被告人,或沒有遵從將某些涉案文件向被告人披露的責任。

Winding-up petition / 清盤呈請書

A document to be presented to the High Court for an application to grant a winding-up order against a limited company.

向高等法院提交之文件,用以向法庭申請對某一間有限公司頒布清盤令。

X

Y

Yearly Disposable Income (for married persons in Legal Aid applications) / 每年可動用收入 (已婚人士法律援助申請)

The income and deductions are to be filled in on a yearly basis in this form. You therefore need to multiply any amount that you receive or pay on a quarterly or montly basis (e.g. monthly salaries and rates paid on a quarterly basis) into an annual amount.

As you are married, your spouse's income and capital will be treated as yours for calculating your financial resources (unless you and your spouse have already separated or divorced, or you and your spouse have conflicting interest in the proceedings). Please therefore remember to include your spouse's assets and income here.

這份表格內的收入和扣減項目均必須以每年計算,故此,閣下必須將任何以季度或每月收取或支付的款項(例如每月薪金,以及每季支付的差餉)用乘數運算計出每年數額。

由於閣下已婚,所以當計算財務資源時,閣下配偶的收入和資產會被視作閣下本身的收入和資產(除非閣下已經與配偶分居或離婚,又或者與配偶於有關法律援助申請所涉及的訴訟中,有利益衝突。)故此,閣下於填報本表格時,緊記要同時包括配偶的財產和收入。

Yearly Disposable Income (for single persons in Legal Aid applications) / 每年可動用收入 (單身人士法律援助申請)

The income and deductions are to be filled in on a yearly basis in this form. You therefore need to multiply any amount that you receive or pay on a quarterly or montly basis (e.g. monthly salaries and rates paid on a quarterly basis) into an annual amount.

這份表格內的收入和扣減項目均必須以每月計算,故此,閣下必須將任何以季度或每年收取或支付的款項(例如年終酬金,以及每季支付的差餉),化作每月平均數。

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